Marijuana Should Not Be Beneficial For Medical Purposes

Marijuana has proven to be beneficial for medical purposes. It has therapeutic effects that will ultimately allow patients with adverse health conditions to improve their quality of life. Legalizing marijuana can also improve the state of the United States’ economy through taxation and creation of job opportunities. Additionally, it can reduce the crime rate in the United States and save the United States tons of money. Contrarily, marijuana should not be legalized for recreational usage. Extensive studies have globally communicated that utilizing marijuana for recreational purposes have fostered addiction to more powerful drugs. Recreational usage of marijuana has also contributed to adverse health effects. Moreover, recreational usage of this drug is still unacceptable in professional and social environments. Should marijuana be made lawful for medicinal and/or recreational purposes? Marijuana is socially known to benefit patients with adverse health conditions to improve their quality of life. Marijuana for medicinal purposes have been used for patients with terminal illness such as cancer, HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer’s Disease and various mental disorders. For instance, â€Å"marijuana extracts may [slow the growth of cancer cells in cancer patients], kill certain cancer cells and [even] reduce the size of others† (â€Å"DrugFacts—Is Marijuana Medicine?†). Moreover, it is well-documented that marijuana can help with health issues such as pain, nausea, epilepsy and appetite loss. MedicalShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pages The use of marijuana for medical purposes and personal use can be recorded as far as 12,000 years ago. Marijuana is classified as a schedule 1 drug. Schedule 1 drugs are drugs are drugs that have the potential for abuse (Drug Scheduling,2016). The government contains the high-le vel drugs, this is the reason we have pharmacies. Pharmacies are regulated so that people can not get medicine that can be easily abused. Pharmacies require a medical prescription from a certified doctor for any drugRead MoreThe Use of Marijuana for Medicinal Purposes Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of marijuana for medicinal purposes has long been at the centre of much controversy. Some studies have shown results that the benefits of using marijuana for medicinal reasons far outweigh the negative health matters that may be associated with its use, and therefore should be an accepted method of treatment for some patients who are suffering with illnesses such as multiple sclerosis, cancer, AIDS, and eating disorders (Okie, 2005). Still, other studies have proven that there is not enoughRead MoreMedicinal Marijuana: Should It Be Legal in All States? Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pageswhether or not marijuana should be legal for medicinal purposes in all fifty states. Many people believe that marijuana is an unsuitable substitute for many of the medications we have today. On the other hand, many researchers have conducted extensive studies that have shown how beneficial medicinal marijuana can be. Many states have already picked up on this, and have laws set in place to allow the use of medicinal marijuana. Medicinal marijuana has a wide variety of uses, and should be allowed forRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?943 Words   |  4 Pageshas been a blur on the line distinguishing beneficial medicine to recreational drug use. The growing call in the United States for a legalization of recreational marijuana has led to much criticism of apparent double standards between medications and marijuana. Critics of the current ban in most U.S. states claim that there is no substantial difference to medical pills and smoking marijuana for some sort of health benefit, but the primary use of marijuana is for leisure only and has copious negativeRead MoreEssay on The Medical Marijuana Debate1198 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: The medical use of marijuana has been a discussion that has been in the news and all around us recently. This is currently a hot topic of interest. There is an enormous amount of evidence that marijuana could be effect against many things. For example evidence shows it could be used to help relieve pain during chemotherapy, but along with this there is also evidence that at times marijuana can cause harm to someone as well. As nurses we must see each side of the debate to make ourRead MoreDrug Addiction Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesdrunk out of his mind and we think, well it is just alcohol, it isnt too bad, at least he isnt taking drugs. At the same time, we can see another guy taking some cocaine and we instantly think this person is messed up, he is a drug addict, and we should keep some distance, right? Isnt the person that is drunk just as same as the guy that is taking cocaine? Not many people will agree with this but according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, A drug is a chemical substance that can change howRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1727 Words   |  7 PagesThe consumption of marijuana has long been outlawed around the world. A taboo in most countries, cannabis is now considered a dangerous drug that can lead to disastrous side effects on the human body. This misconception has led to prohibition on marijuana, thus penalizing its consumption and further spreading the misconceptions around the drug. The controversy here lies in the fact that most negative effects attributed to marijuana are sourced from misconceptions, which are in turn hurting the prospectRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe legalization of marijuana has been a debate that has been going on for the past decade. Many Americans (about 80 percent surveyed) do believe in the legalization while others disagree. With the correct facts in place, it is easy to prove that the legalization of marijuana is a huge benefit to the American peo ple and those who disagree are disagreeing for the wrong reasons. One reason it should be legalized is marijuana can be used for medical purposes, others say it can help lower the debt inRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1269 Words   |  6 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Marijuana is most commercialized drug in the world, so why not just legalize it? Although there are legal restraints against marijuana, 1 in 3 Americans have tried it, out of curiosity at least once. Multiple studies have proven that, marijuana is psychologically and physically healing. Medical marijuana should be legalized for its beneficial advantages, such as, treating or preventing health conditions, increases in tax revenues, and improvements in our communities. Marijuana, mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1187 Words   |  5 Pagesnot relieve their symptoms, as they should (Joy 117). For this type of patient, medical marijuana is an obvious alternative, if only it were legal. The legalization of marijuana is becoming a more polemic debate as several states are, at the very least, decriminalizing it. The decision for legalization is conflicted between whether the drug can provide benefits towards certain medical conditions and also be safe to consume. Marijuana should be legalized for medical uses because it has a broad set of

Essay on Oedipus The King Role Of Gods - 1059 Words

â€Å"Gods can be evil sometimes.† In the play â€Å"Oedipus the King†, Sophocles defamed the gods’ reputation, and lowered their status by making them look harmful and evil. It is known that all gods should be perfect and infallible, and should represent justice and equity, but with Oedipus, the gods decided to destroy him and his family for no reason. It might be hard to believe that gods can have humanistic traits, but in fact they do. The gods, especially Apollo, are considered evil by the reader because they destroyed an innocent man’s life and his family. They destroyed Oedipus by controlling his fate, granting people the power of prophecy, telling Oedipus about his fate through the oracle of Apollo, and finally afflicting the people of†¦show more content†¦If there is any evil worse than the worst that a man can suffer—Oedipus has drawn it for his lot.† (p. 98) Oedipus is ashamed of himself and unsatisfied with his situation, even though it is not his fault. The gods wouldn’t have made the prophecies come true without the help of the oracle, which delivered the prophecies to Oedipus’ parents. It is obvious that the gods were planning to this fate before Oedipus’ birth, because through the oracle, they announced the two prophecies while Jocasta was pregnant. Above that, the gods didn’t mention Oedipus’ blindness in their prophecies; but instead, they mentioned only Oedipus’ shameful crimes that involved both the father and the mother. The purpose of this was to make both parents agree to kill their child, for Laius didn’t want to be murdered by his son, and Jocasta didn’t want to marry her son. This fear of terrible destiny led the parents to kill their child. On the other hand, if Laius and Jocasta hadn’t known about the prophecies, they would’ve kept the child, and thus he would know his parents, which makes it impossible for the prophecies to come true. One major aspect that caused the destruction of Oedipus and his family is Apollo’s oracle at Delphi. When Apollo’s oracle told Oedipus about the two prophecies, Oedipus tried to avoid them by moving to another city, and walked to meet his fate in Thebes. This shows Apollo’s advantageShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of The Gods In Oedipus The King By Sophocles1117 Words   |  5 PagesGreek tragedy, Oedipus the King, by the famous playwright Sophocles, that is exactly what the gods do by controlling all aspects of the Thebans’ lives. The gods in this Ancient Greek tragedy are tyrants in that they determine one’s fate with no terrestrial hope of changing it and command the Thebans to find the killer of Laius or face a crippling plague. One of the main themes of this Greek tragedy is that no one can change his or her fate that has been predetermined by the gods. One example ofRead MoreReligion In Oedipus The King1012 Words   |  5 PagesIn Oedipus, the King, the main character, Oedipus, starts the play in the highest prestige, he is the King of Thebes and is held in high regard to almost all citizens for his prosperous reign. By the end of the play, Oedipus is vilified by his citizens and almost all the people of Thebes. I argue that Oedipus’ downfall is directly linked to his rejection of religious guidance and omens; namely, the Gods and the oracle. One could argue that no divine entity openly acts out toward Oedipus, howeverRead MoreConflict Between Men And Gods978 Words   |  4 Pagesformed on conflict between men and gods. The Oedipal myth was transformed into a compelling theatrical work, â€Å" Oedipus Rex†, by Sophocles. Oedipus play was a result of destiny and fate. King Laius, the father of Oedipus, tries to outwit the gods as an attempt to hold onto power and save his own life. Laius order a servant to leave Oedipus on mountain to prevent the prophecy that their son would kill his father and marry his mother. On reaching manhood, Oedipus learned from a Oracle that he wouldRead MoreSophocles The King And Antigone Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pages Sophocles wrote about kings. Mythological, or at least long dead, the regal protagonists of fraction of Sophocles’ surviving work embody the political realities of the ancients’ time. By examining and analyzing the origins and nature of kingship in Sophocles, one can glean a sliver of insight into a civilization that has all but disappeared. Sophocles’s kings were great human leaders, reaching their position through impressive deeds or standing in the community. Although they wielded great powerRead MoreOedipus The King And Oedipus At Colonus1567 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of hubris, a theme commo nly present throughout the works of Sophocles and particularly evident in Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus, not only exalts the Greek nationalism present at the date of composition but dictates the course of the story, evolving as its tragic hero works through his fated anguish. Hubris, defined as exaggerated pride or self-confidence, is the earmark character trait of Oedipus and perhaps Creon. However, it is the abandonment of his sanctimonious nature thatRead MoreOedipus the King Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pagestragic hero? â€Å"Oedipus the King† by Sophocles is a very good play which talks about a guy who was fated to kill his father and married his mother. Aristotle defines â€Å"tragic hero as a person of great stature and virtue who becomes aware of a mortal defect within himself.† This defect leads to great tragedy. Oedipus’s own essential nature makes him a tragic hero because his ignorance (lack of knowledge) led him to his own destruction. Also Fate plays an important role in make Oedipus a tragic hero becauseRead More Oedipus Rex – a Christ Figure Essays1020 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus Rex – a Christ Figure  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Sophocles’ famous tragedy, Oedipus Rex, perhaps â€Å"the most important and influential drama ever written† (â€Å"Sophocles† 717), presents in the person of   Oedipus the model of a good ruler, a humanely intelligent and vigorously active leader, a man who earlier saved his adopted city Thebes from disaster. Is Oedipus an alter Christus besides?    The numerous parallels between the figure of the king Oedipus and the figure of Christ in the ScripturesRead MoreOedipus The King, The Culture, And The Gods1266 Words   |  6 Pages According to Greek Culture, Gods’ assume a part to depict one s life and their destiny. In â€Å"Oedipus the King,† the culture, and the Gods’ anticipate what is yet to come in the life of Oedipus. However, on the contrary Oedipus being a monarch possesses a dignity that cannot be accepted to grip such a hopeless destiny. The predictions prognosticated to his folks, drove Oedipus to be deserted and carry out the wrongdoings. At last, he is directed to confront the results by the Greek traditions. NonethelessRead MoreCompare Odysseus and Oedipus Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesOdysseus and Oedipus There are many legendary epic stories have been passed on from generation to generation in the Greek culture. Even though each story has different outcomes, every epic character has certain features in common. Odysseus in The Odyssesy and Oedipus in Oedipus the King are great examples of epic heroes with a variety of similarities. Odysseus and Oedipus are similar in which they both god-like men who are considered heroes because of their cautious ways and relentless tenacityRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King871 Words   |  4 PagesThe plays written by Sophocles, â€Å"Oedipus the King â€Å"and â€Å"Antigone† are bodies of work displayed the meaning of what Aristotle defined as a tragedy. â€Å"Oedipus the King† is a story of a king trying to avoid the fate of his life that has been prophesized before his birth. In â€Å"Antigone† is story of a girl who devoted to her family, and regardless of the orders made the king Creon. In these stories the archetype s and hamartia of Antigone and Oedipus play a major role in the story. In â€Å"Antigone† the character

Filmography Notes on the Opening Scene of the Darjeeling Limited Free Essays

Fast paced Indian music builds tension even before the opening credits have stopped rolling Establishing shot indian city, while not revealed as india at this point the viewer associates the architecture as foreign in some exotic location, one car on the road, depth created by background being out of focus and leading lines created by the road. High angle extreme long shot, zoom to reveal tracking shot of taxi cab and people in exotic attire and foreign style tricycle cabs, gives the viewer more information about setting while the tracking of the car establishes the subject of viewing Inside the cab we have a rig attached to car on passenger side tracking shot representing the perspective of the passenger reveals the fare meter in the right third of the shot letting the viewer know that the car is a cab, the frame is balanced by cars and people on the left side of the street opposite the cab far meter, the frame quick pans to create a fast pacing and to reveal taxicab driver. he has a beard and is wearing a turban, a signifier of India from a western viewpoint, also is a frame within a frame because of drivers side window. We will write a custom essay sample on Filmography Notes on the Opening Scene of the Darjeeling Limited or any similar topic only for you Order Now From inside the car the camera is mounted on the dashboard of the cab to show the audience the passenger, Bill Murray. The taxi driver is placed in the left third while the passenger is placed in the right third, the cabs frame serves as leading lines creating depth in the frame His business man attire contrasts the taxicab driver’s outfit and the setting, showing he is a foreigner in this country, the reckless maneuvering of the cab, honking and engine sounds, and the frantic look on his face tells the audience that the passenger is worried about being somewhere on time. Low angle tracking shot behind the car creates a tension and intensity by creating a feeling of the car moving faster as the camera moves further away, honking and motorcycle engine noise fading in and out create the illusion of the speed of the taxicab Close up on cab driver, then zooms in again to extreme close up to allow the audience to focus on the cab drivers intense focus, facial expressions help viewers to feel the emotions the director wishes to convey, here his intense expression and the background flying by in the frame of the window. Next shot is from bill Murray’s perspective, over the shoulder shot over the cab driver looking out the center of the windshield as they race thru the busy city street, frame within a frame, shot is balanced by colorful awnings, signs, and tall buildings on the right and people in bright clothing walking on the opposite side of the street. The cab fare meter also rests on the bottom left to balance out the cab driver and steering wheel who are on the right. The camera then flips around to reveal the anxious look on bill Murray’s face as he checks his watch again revealing that he is on some sort of deadline creating tension and fast pacing in the scene the back window is once again a frame within a frame and the camera is placed at slightly below eye level, shot then switches to the cab drivers point of view though lowered to about his chest level, the steering wheel is revealed to have a symmetrical shrine like set up of beads and small paintings of people and a temple, the steering wheel frames the entire shrine like setup, the drivers hand is balanced by the red sticker on the right of the dashboard, outside of the windshield colorful and exotic scenery can be seen, shadows of cars created by natural lighting and the yellow guardrail separating the street create leading lines giving depth to the background. The next shot is a tracking shot at the front of the cab, the shot has incredible depth thanks to the leading lines of the buildings lining the street, frame centered on the taxicab as it barely misses motorcyclists and medians, close up on bill Murray’s character placed in the right third of the shot, his face still showing distress, the camera then continues to bounce rapidly from the same shots in and around the cab to promote the sense of urgency until the cab pulls up to the entrance of a train station, the camera takes a static shot as the cab pulls in to be centered in the frame, people in vibrant Indian garb are placed evenly on either side of the car as It pulls in creating a well balanced closed frame with depth being created by the awning of the train station and the lines it creates, people also placed in foreground and background, otherwise flat frame, very still photo-like shot As Murray’s character exits the car the camera is positioned outside the cab and zoomed in on the face of the driver, the zoom is slowly pulled out to represent the movement of the subject as the passenger flees from the cab in too much of a hurry to pay, the cabbie angrily shakes his fist and screams in Indian, another indicator of setting in the opening scene The camera then follows Murray’s character through the train station, in first a handheld tracking shot to create the effect of running like the character does and then a dolly tracking shot, people are placed in the foreground to create the feeling of crowdedness at the station and the camera follows keeping a 45 degree angle behind the subject to create leading lines in the station, the subject is also always kept in the right third to create a more interesting shot. At the ticket counter the camera is behind, people’s heads cropped tightly in the frame to again create the feeling of crowdedness of the train station, the positioning of the camera gives the audience the feel of standing in line as Murray’s character barges on and cuts to the front of the line saying â€Å"that’s my train† finally reveals to the audience what the conflict is in this scene, pointing off screen, the characters actions and the cropping of people and the fence of the ticket counter create an open frame that leads to the next shot of the train pulling away from the station, then a sudden pan to the businessman running into the frame, chasing the train ,to maintain the fast and urgent pacing. A handheld tracking shot follows Murray as he runs along the boarding platform after the train he was trying to catch, as Murray runs past the camera, the camera pans to follow behind him and reveals the train, moving slightly faster than the businessman can run The next shot then frames the back of the caboose and an Indian boy standing in the right third of the frame, the camera slowly tilts down to reveal the name of the train â€Å"the Darjeeling limited† and also the title of the movie An extreme close up profile of Murray’s character as he screams wait! Wait! Murray’s head hides a younger man, adrien Brody, who comes into view as he runs slightly faster past Murray. They exchange glances as brody outruns murray in a mad dash for the train. While the audience has been lead to believe that the businessman was the protagonist we were to follow on this adventure he instead falls behind Fast paced Indian music cuts out and a slower song this time tomorrow by the kinks begins to play, the next shot is a slow motion dolly tracking shot following the train in the left third of the frame as brody’s character, peter enters into the frame from the right, he catches up to the back of the train, throws his bags on, and hoists himself on the train. Natural light brightly illuminates the background, the shot is slightly over exposed to augment the intensity of the sun in the shot, His eyes can be seen looking off screen and then a close up reveals a sympathetic look on peters face, he pulls up his glasses showing that he is looking at something, the camera flips around to his perspective in a dolly shot or mount on the back of the train, the train tracks and boarding platform lead our eyes back to the businessman who has been left behind by the train, Murray’s character looks exhausted and disgusted. Another close up of Peter, he smiles, grateful that he did not end up like the businessman, also here we can see shadows closely, because of the natural lighting used throughout the lighting techniques were somewhat limited The slowing of the music and the slow motion shots bring the pacing of the film back down to the signature slow and deliberate pacing of Wes Anderson films How to cite Filmography Notes on the Opening Scene of the Darjeeling Limited, Papers

Social Strategy In Marketing Campaign Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Social Strategy In Marketing Campaign. Answer: Strategic Objectives Littlewoods is a retail organization which was founded in Liverpool by John Moores in the year of 1923. The organization initially began as a football pools in the year 1923. Littlewoods grew as a retail and competing with the various organization. The ultimate notion or goal of the organization to have a better understanding of various consumers or customers from different zones of the organization (Sedgwick, Dersch, and Grigg, 2014). It ensures to build a long-lasting trust with its employees. The organization mainly conducts various research to have an observation on the transactional data and many other observations on the customer which will ultimately help in having a proper understanding regarding the needs and wants of the various consumers or customers. This particular organization have small but hard-working team which mainly consist of various planning of campaign planning. The following process comprises of various function which have objectives and maintaining the positi on of consumer at the middle of the conversation. This organization make use of Agile model which has contributed from the phase of planning to execution. The organization makes use of various social media platform which consist of various social sites like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram for proper gathering information. The organization makes use of various social media like snapchat and Pinterest which are considered to be best brand building tool. They mainly aim or focus on the needs of the consumer. Driving a content strategy is considered to learning experience and proper building of content will mainly remain in the matter of trial and error and quick learning of things. The biggest investment is the need of time and proper resource. Over time content of strategies play a vital role in the building of trust for various organization. The ultimate goal of this organization is not the creation of social media strategies and about quick selling of products, it all about proper building of trust and creation of brand image of the organization. Social strategy is all about supporting the marketing campaign and mainly aim in building trust in terms of building trust(Sedgwick, Dersch, and Grigg, 2014). The strategy mainly focuses on return of investment in the form of conversation, leading various generation of image and creating a brand awareness. Strategies The ultimate strategy of this organization is to make certain things which are easily accessible to large number of consumers. The unique method or way to allow the consumers to upgrade the method which are easily affordable (Sedgwick, Dersch, and Grigg, 2014). The organization aims in bring a variety of products for its consumer. It mainly focusses on scale and trade which are ahead of various plan. The organization is making a large number of progression in the field of optimization of margin (Lowe et al., 2016). With every passing day the organization is becoming important to its supplier. The organization has made best use of wealth of data, technology and various analytics for bringing science in the giving price. The organization is aiming to build mobile first which can be used for inspiration (Ireland, 2013). For mobile first the organization is planning to investment a large amount of money in technology like big data. It mainly uses data of customer so that it can easily pr ovide best service to its customer. Financial Service: The organization makes use of FCA for credit card authorization for any kind of payment. The organization is focusing in the development of new technology which will ultimately help in safely acceptance of credit cards application (Sedgwick, Dersch, and Grigg, 2014). The organization have made certain improvements which will help the customer in easy management of their online accounts. It will make them easier to have navigation by making certain payments. Littlewoods has received a large number of awards which is inclusive Retail week of the year for the second running year. The biggest social networking website that is Facebook highlighted Littlewoods Ireland success story (Gulliver, 2012). This organization have investment a large amount of money in various process like recruitment, training, upgradation or development which has ultimately resulted in arrangement of world class employees. Goals Littlewoods Ireland is working very hard to transform itself from a catalogue firm to world class organization. It will ultimately drive sales, consumers and profit which will ultimately help in recording of level. It is focusing to increase exclusiveness through the launch of menswear and providing range of brands like Barbour, Kenzo and many others (Webb and Ross, 2012). It is more focusing to invest a lot in various other technology. In the coming years Littlewoods is focusing to implement Artificial Intelligence (AI) in their business so that they can easily provide better service to its consumers. New customer lifecycle system will help in better management as it will make use of AI for automation and personalization of the communication which is used by individual communication. Programs Littlewoods is planning to make use of AI interface for communication which is mainly required for establishing communication with a bot which is installed in the system (Pais, 2016). This bot will have a conversation with customers and will mainly work in solving their quires. This bot will mainly solve the queries like status of the order and any other thing related to order (Byrne, 2012). The organization is planning to add nudge messaging which will make use of data of the customers and browsing data which is collected by them so that they can provide better on-site products and financial services which contains messages at different stages during the various stages of shopping. Investment: Littlewoods is planning to invest in program with IBM which ultimately help the customer for making investment with IBM which will ultimately help consumers for proper managing of cost and their accounts. This particular program will put an acceleration of the innovation of products which is offered by them. AI will not only make personalization of consumer data on the contrary it will lead to better decision making and sophisticated pricing of products (Littlewood, 2015). They have also started working with IBM Watson for powering their artificial Intelligence plan. Complementary between strategy and project Littlewoods is considered to be leader in online department store which is trusted by its stakeholders. The organization have always believed that leadership is not all about quantity while it is all about behavior of this organization towards their consumer (Maremmani, Gilman and Littlewood, 2014). This particular organization believe that for earning the trust of customer a lot of time and effort is required. Another method or way of earning trust of customer is to provide quality of goods at promised time. The roadmap of this organization is designed or build in such a way that it can help in achievement of objectives. These objectives or aims are design in such a way that it can help them delivering of performance at certain level (Littlewood, 2016). Littlewoods is looking forward in achievement of leadership and can easily earn the trust of customer by satisfying the needs of the customers. Daily option or choice of customers has ultimately driven the performance of stakeholders which can easily satisfy the needs of the stakeholders. Littlewoods believe to have long time sustainable value of stakeholders for their strategies, operation and lastly behavior. Shared value is curated in an organization which have a high value for the communities which they to act or operate which ranges from partner in business to customers (Maremmani, Gilman and Littlewood, 2014). Littlewoods is planning to make investment for the future which will ultimately help in analyzation of financial sustainability of the environment in which they operate in various domains like capacity, brand and other factors. Littlewoods is planning to launch various new range of products and is investing a large amount of money for investing in new technologies (Mitchell et al., 2014). This organization is planning to make investment in Artificial intelligence (AI) which automate and personalize the communication which send to individual customers. It is planning to implement fully AI conversatio nal user interface so that it creates an easy customer interface for its customer where consumers can easily drop query regarding status of order and any other thing related to order. It is also focusing to make use of nudge messaging which is nothing but a combination of data of customers and data of their browsing. It has also integrated with IBM Watson which will provide new methods or techniques for management of products (Maremmani, Gilman and Littlewood, 2014). This organization is focusing to meet the needs of the current generation without compromising with the needs of the future generation. They will have this method or strategy in such a way that it comes out to be profitable for the organization with very passing year. Apart from this the organization will claim to have high level of return for their stakeholders and consumers for a long time. References Byrne, G., 2012.The Pharmacist's Liability in the Tort of Negligence and Product Liability Law in Ireland(Doctoral dissertation, Trinity College Dublin). Gulliver, J., 2012. Taxation of Corporate Debt in Ireland versus the UK.Int'l Tax Rev.,23, p.66. Ireland, P.I.M., 2013. Share this.Diabetes,2014. Littlewood, J., 2016. Foreword to the Special Issue on Complex Engineering by Violent Non-State Actors.Journal of Strategic Security,9(1), p.2. Littlewood, N.A., Nau, B.S., Pozsgai, G., Stockan, J.A., Stubbs, A. and Young, M.R., 2015. Invertebrate species at risk from ash dieback in the UK.Journal of insect conservation,19(1), pp.75-85. Lowe, A., Gee, M., McLean, S., Littlewood, C., Lindsay, C. and Everett, S., 2016. Physical activity promotion in physiotherapy practice: a systematic scoping review of a decade of literature.Br J Sports Med, pp.bjsports-2016. Maremmani, I., Hill, D., Gilman, M. and Littlewood, R., 2014. Increasing importance of measuring outcomes in opioid dependence care: what matters now and in the future?Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl, pp.5-12. Mitchell, R.J., Beaton, J.K., Bellamy, P.E., Broome, A., Chetcuti, J., Eaton, S., Ellis, C.J., Gimona, A., Harmer, R., Hester, A.J. and Hewison, R.L., 2014. Ash dieback in the UK: a review of the ecological and conservation implications and potential management options.Biological conservation,175, pp.95-109. Pais, P., 2016. Influence of mobile marketing in building brand loyalty among clothing retail consumers in Ireland. Sedgwick, M., Dersch, S. and Grigg, L., 2014. The creation of a simulated rural hospital nursing unit for the purpose of conducting research.Journal of Nursing Education and Practice,4(9), p.27. Webb, N. and Ross, S., 2012.The Untouchables: The people who helped wreck Ireland-and are still running the show. Penguin UK.

High School Compared with Collge Essay Example

High School Compared with Collge Essay A good education is an important part of life. To achieve a good education a person must graduate from high school and then college. High school prepares students for college, but each student must define his or herself to succeed in college. The many similarities and differences between high school and college can help and hinder each student in his or her goals to achieve a good education. Some of these similarities and differences between high school and college are the type of students, the difficulty of the classes, and the differences in class scheduling. The differences of students in high school and college begin with high school being a world where a person attends school with most of the same classmates that he or she has grown up with. No one has a true identity except the reputation or image that a person has built for themselves over the years. Most of the people in each grade are around the same age and live in the same community and are friends inside and outside of class. College is usually a new world to students. Many students move to different parts of the country to attend college and move away from their friends and community. We will write a custom essay sample on High School Compared with Collge specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on High School Compared with Collge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on High School Compared with Collge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This gives each person an opportunity to create a new identity for his or herself and make new friends. Also, students in college are various ages including some right out of high school and some being older adults continuing their education later in life. A common theme in high school and college is bringing a group of students together to learn. Students are all attending classes to achieve a piece of paper that will help them in their future. Most students attend classes in high school and college because they want to be there, but the difficulty of the classes determines each student’s success. The difficulty of high school contrasted with college can be hard on students. Many high schools work to pass students through the various grade levels and onto graduation without the students having to work very hard to complete tasks and assignments. On the contrary, college is a place where students must work to achieve their grades and pass classes. Professors expect students to complete tasks, homework, and exams to achieve a grade and pass the college class. Classes in college are usually harder on students because they require more work, studying, and dedication. Many students goof off and do not take high school classes seriously. Often students copy each other’s work and tests in high school, but college students must work hard to make sure that their work is individualized and not plagiarized. Some high schools do offer college level classes to students that are more difficult and prepare students for the difficulty of college courses. Each student determines how the difficult the class really is by taking the time to study and complete the work in both high school and college. One of the biggest differences between high school and college is the schedule. Both high school and college offer schedules for students to sign up for. Students are able to take courses that interest them and will help them achieve a diploma or degree. In high school students become accustomed to a strict daily schedule. School begins and ends at the same time each day and classes are held during this time and each class is the same length. College classes are very different. Classes are spread throughout the week and each class can be a different length. Students must learn to take advantage of down time in between classes to study and complete assignments. On the contrary, in high school, students are given time during class and study periods to do work. The transition between a strict high school schedule into a more lenient college schedule can be very hard on many students. Many times the scheduling difference between high school and college is the reason why students to do excel their first year of college. Students were not taught how to plan and make good use of their time with the too strict high school schedule. Even though students in high school are given an opportunity to choose certain classes to take each semester, scheduling in the biggest difference there is between high school and college. In conclusion, high school and college are very different, but they do share a few similarities. High school prepares students for college, and college is a mature version of high school. The types of students, difficulty in classes, and differences in schedules can be very alike and very different in high school and college. Success in high school and college depends on the effort each student applies in accepting the similarities and differences.

Patient Satisfaction †Nursing Essay

Patient Satisfaction – Nursing Essay Free Online Research Papers Patient satisfaction scores in hospitals have steadily decreased in the United States. According to Zwillich (2007), â€Å"Americans are more dissatisfied than citizens of other nations with their basic health care, even while paying more of their own money for treatment†. Research has shown that the nursing shortage that has plagued the United States has played a large role in the downward trend of patient satisfaction. Citing a report by Press Ganey Associates, Inc., Sara Nemeth (2007) reports that the higher the ratio between working Registered Nurses in any given state, the higher the patient satisfaction scores will be. From this data, it can be surmised that patient satisfaction will increase as the number of nursing staff increases. These results demand a call to action, and patient satisfaction depends upon it. A study published by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing states that the shortage of nurses may be affecting health care quality and patient outcomes, quoting the New England Journal of Medine as reporting that 53% of physicians and 65% of the public cited the nursing shortage as a leading cause of medical errors. The same study also states, according to Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (2007), that the shortage of nurses in America is, â€Å"putting patients’ lives in danger†, and found that since 1996, low nursing staff levels were contributing factors in 24% of patient deaths and injuries. The nursing shortage is not going away any time soon. In the same article by the American Association of Colleges of Nurses, it is estimated that 30 states had shortages in the year 2000, and this projection is expected to intensify to where 44 states, plus the District of Columbia will have nursing shortages by the year 2020. In addition, according to the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, the number of nurses taking state boards for the first time decreased by 20% between 1995 and 2003. Finally, Dr. Amy Tuteur quotes results Press Ganey President and CEO, Melvin Hall (2007) as saying, â€Å"The American Consumer Satisfaction Index (ASCI) from the University of Michigan has shown that customers’ satisfaction with healthcare has decreased significantly over the past several years†. Her statement is reflective of the majority of research being done in this area. According to the ECRA group (2007), healthcare leaders must be held accountable for the quality of care they provide. Patient satisfaction is increasingly being looked at as an indicator of positive patient outcomes, and a better quality of life. ECRA states that the patients’ perceptions of the quality of care they receive, and the attention that is paid to them can be as important as clinical health measures when patients are viewing their clinical outcomes. With the research showing that the nursing shortage is going to be here for quite some time, health care professionals must find a way to effectively deliver care, and bring patient satisfaction scores back to baseline, and above. Communicating with patients is key. Levinson (2007) states that poor communication often leads to patient dissatisfaction, whereas, â€Å"Effective communication enhances patient satisfaction and health outcomes.† Levinson also stated that the combination of a bad outcome and patient dissatisfaction, â€Å"Is a recipe for litigation†. In a similar article, J.W. Pichert (2007) stated that healthcare professionals must understand patients’ specific dissatisfactions and prevent them in the first place, thereby rectifying patients’ concerns. These findings suggest that nurses must find a way to enhance their communication with patients, reverse the trend of dissatisfied patients, and change the culture of patient care in a positi ve way. In 2005, the Studer Group (2006) introduced a strategy into the healthcare market, called, â€Å"The Nursing Bundle†. It has been adopted by multiple hospitals across the United States, and has provided the tools for hospitals to significantly increase their patient satisfaction scores, and increase patient safety. The Nursing Bundle is comprised of five key strategies, all aimed at promoting excellent patient care, proactively meeting the needs of patients, and increasing the level of patient satisfaction. Each component of the Nursing Bundle raises the standard of care on it’s own merit, but together, the five components tie into each other and have had a profound effect on the care delivery system. The first component is Individualized Patient Care. This refers to identifying key priorities to the patient upon admission to the nursing unit. The nurse asks the patient what the two most important needs he or she has that if met, would allow them to feel as though they have received excellent care. This information is written on a dry erase board in the patient’s room, and alerts all staff to the patient’s individual needs. The patient’s individual pain scale is also assessed, and written on the board. The patient will see that the staff is concerned about them as individuals, and that they don’t treat everybody the same. The patient’s perspective is valued as being the most important, and they will be reassured that everybody is aware of what their specific needs are, thereby making them less anxious and more compliant with their care and treatments. Individualized patient care also allows staff the opportunity to ask about the patient’s individual needs when rounding, eliminating call lights for unmet needs. The nurse will be alerted to the patient’s pain needs, and the physician will be alerted to the patient’s desired pain level. Ultimately, the patients will be more satisfied that their individual needs are being met. The second component is Bedside Shift Report. Prior to the end of the shift, the nurse informs the patient that they will be doing bedside shift report very soon. The nurse tells the patient that their privacy is important, and asks if they would like the nurse to ask visitors to leave, should visitors be there at the time of shift report. This shows the patient that the nurse recognizes and facilitates their need for privacy. During the shift report, the nurse introduces the oncoming nurse to the patient. The patient’s condition, tests, and procedures are reported to the oncoming nurse, and any needed clarifications are made for the patient at this time. This serves to show the patient that the oncoming nurse is aware of their needs, and reduces anxiety that perhaps the next nurse does not know their case. They will be more satisfied because they know who their nurse is, and that things are being done and monitored throughout the shift. Finally, the process will aid in increasing communication. Studer has determined that communication issues are the root cause of about 30% of patient safety events, and improved communication between caregivers positively impacts patient care and outcomes. For the nurse, bedside shift report improves the sharing of information between healthcare providers by utilizing a standardized method of communicating. If asked questions, the nurse won’t have to say, â€Å"I haven’t seen my patients yet†, and will be more prepared. The off-going nurse can also use this time to use â€Å"hands-on† to show the oncoming nurse how to operate special equipment, or how special orders are being handled. Accountability will increase, since each nurse will know his or her patients’ condition at the beginning of the shift. Finally, bedside report improves the nurse’s understanding of the patient’s condition, as he or she is able to visualize the patient. With the nurse is better prepared and more comprehensively informed, the patient will have an increased sense of well being, and will ultimately be more satisfied. The third element of the nursing bundle, and the most important, is hourly rounding. In a study done by C.M. Meade (2007), â€Å"Specific nursing actions performed at set intervals were associated with statistically significant reduced patient use of the call light overall, as well as a reduction of patient falls, and increased patient satisfaction†. Hourly rounding has eight components that integrate to ensure that the patient is receiving the care that they need, and most important, the care they feel that they deserve. First, the nurse uses key words and/or actions to introduce themselves, their skill set, and their experience. The word â€Å"round† is used, because this is a word that is familiar to most people, and will help frame the context of the interaction. The patient is told when the nurse will round again, thereby decreasing anxiety and building trust. Second, the nurse performs any scheduled tasks during the hourly round. Performing tasks while rounding allows the nurse to include scheduled work into the rounds, thereby accomplishing everything in one trip to the patient’s room. If there is not a scheduled task, the patient still has the reassurance that the nurse is coming to the room, and has the opportunity to voice an unanticipated need. Third, the nurse addresses the â€Å"3 P’s† that Studer has identified as being the most common reasons patient use their call bells. These are pain, potty and position. Proactively assessing and treating pain keeps pain from becoming severe, and increases satisfaction as a result. Scheduling patients to use the bathroom on rounds avoids unassisted walks to the bathroom, which can lead to falls. Helping the patient change positions also helps to keep them comfortable, and reduces the chance of a pressure ulcer, especially in the elderly. Fourth, the nurse performs comfort measures, such as fluffing pillows, straightening sheets, filling water pitchers, and offering something to drink. These are basic nursing functions that often get left undone if not intentionally scheduled, and lead to additional call light requests, and ultimately result in patient dissatisfaction. Fifth, the nurse conducts an environmental assessment of the room. This allows the nurse to determine whether there are any needs the patient has not identified that could raise the potential for the patient needing the nurse to return before the next scheduled hourly round. These needs include making sure the call light and telephone are within reach, the garbage can is next to the bed, and the patient looks comfortable. Sixth, closing key words are used before the nurse leaves the room. These are words such as, â€Å"Is there anything else I can do for you before I leave?† I have time†. This will not only decrease the need for the patient to ring the call light, but will allow the nurse to accomplish any other task while he or she is still in the room. It also tells the patient that all needs, no matter how small, are being addressed. The patient will be more satisfied with the nursing care if he or she knows the nurse has time to meet their needs. Seventh, the nurse explains to the patient when he or she will be back. When the patients know the nurse will be back hourly, they will cluster their requests in the context of the nurses rounds, rather than relying on using the call bell, as long as they know the nurse will be back in an hour, and their request is not urgent. Finally, prior to leaving the room, the nurse documents the rounds on a hourly checklist inside the patient’s room. This allows the patient to visibly see that it’s been only an hour between rounds, it allows the family to see that their loved one is being attended to frequently, and it allows the nurse manager to ensure that rounds are being done appropriately. Hourly rounding not only has the benefit of proactively meeting the needs of the patient, but by decreasing the call lights, the nurse is able to stay focused and round on a schedule. According to Carla Cox, Administrative Director for Cardinal Health (2007), â€Å"A patient who is confident a nurse is checking on them regularly is more likely to wait for the nurse to stop in, rather than hit a call light†. In addition to the research performed by the Studer Group, a study by Christine Mead, PhD, Executive Director of the Alliance for Health Care Research ((2007), had similar findings in regard to rounding. She stated, â€Å"Nurses’ rounds conducted regularly, every 1 or 2 hours, may help decrease patients’ use of call lights, as well as increasing patient safety and level of patient satisfaction†. In another article, Mary Shepherd, RN, Nursing Project Manager at Methodist Hospital in Houston, TX (2007) perhaps brought it together when she said, â€Å"Too many times we take for granted that the patient knows what we are doing when we enter their room. But these are non-clinical people who have no idea why we are asking them their name and birth date 30 times a day. One concept of the hourly rounding program is to take the time to verbalize everything that we are doing, letting them know it is for their safety, for their benefit†. The fourth element of the nursing bundle is Manager Rounds on Patient. The unit manager visits every patient on his or her unit at least once per day, and validates that the elements of the nursing bundle are being accomplished. He or she asks the patient if they have had any difficulty accessing their nurse, if the nurse has been in to see them frequently, and if their pain has been adequately controlled. They also ask if the individual need listed on the board has been consistently met, and if they have had any difficulty accessing the bathroom. The patient has an increased sense of well being, not only knowing that they have been receiving individualized care, but also knowing that the unit manager is rounding daily to ensure that it is being provided. The fifth, and last element of the nursing bundle is Discharge Telephone Calls. Patient’s perspective is valued as being most important. Discharge telephone calls make the patients feel cared about as a person, they decrease patient anxiety, provide an opportunity to evaluate patient education, to determine patients’ compliance with discharge instructions, to assess the overall impressions of the hospital’s performance, and to reinforce the patient’s perception that excellent care has been provided. For the staff, they provide a positive experience for staff, since most discharge calls are positive, they provide an opportunity for service recovery, and they provide an opportunity to identify trends that may require improvement in practice. The discharge telephone call is also the last opportunity the nurse has to be sure the patient was satisfied. The nurse has a scripted dialogue, and begins by identifying him/herself, and asking if it is a good time for the patient to talk. This shows that the nurse respects and values their time. The patient is asked if they understood their discharge instructions, and if any questions have surfaced since their discharge. This shows the patient that even though he or she has been discharged, the staff of the hospital still has their well being in mind. The nurse then states that the hospital always likes to make sure their patients were very happy with their care, and states it just that way, following with, â€Å"How was your care?†. Next, the nurse thanks the patient for allowing the hospital to care for them, and makes sure they have a telephone number to call if they have any other questions. The discharge telephone call gives closure in a positive way to the patie nt, and brings their care into their home setting. When they receive their satisfaction survey in the mail, they are more likely to remember the care they received having received the discharge call as well. With no end in sight to the nursing shortage, and the grim ramifications research has shown as a result, healthcare providers need to find ways to get back to the basics of nursing to improve the care delivery system, without waiting for the tide to turn again. The Studer Group (2006) has put together an excellent program to raise the bar back to where it needs to be. Fox News [Internet]. New York (NY): FOXNews.com; [cited 2007 Jan 12]. Available from: foxnews.com/story/0,2933,136990,00.html Press Ganey Associates, Inc. [Internet]. South Bend (IN): pressganey.com; [cited 2007 Jan 12]. Available from pressganey.com/scripts/news.php?news_id=57 American Association of Colleges of Nursing [Internet]. Washington (DC): aacn.edu; [cited 2007 Jan 12]. Available from aacn.nche.edu/MediaBackgrounders/shortagesfacts.htm Press Ganey Associates, Inc. [Internet]. South Bend (IN): pressganey.com; [cited 2007 Jan 12]. Available from http://treatmewithrespect.blogspot.com/2006/05/gap-widens-in-hospital-patient.html Chicago Chronicle [Internet]. Chicago (IL): chicagochronicle.edu; [cited 2007 Jan 12] Available from http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/970220/malpractice.shtml National Center for Biotechnology Information [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): ncbi.gov; [cited 2007 Jan 12]. Available from ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrievedb=PubMedlist_uids=96 ECRA [Internet]. Rosemont (IL). Ecragroup.com [cited 2007 Jan 12]. Available from ecragroup.com/healthcare/patientsatisfaction.html National Center for Biotechnology Information [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): ncbi.gov [cited 2007 Jan 12]. Available from ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmedcmd=retrievedopt=Abstra Nursing Spectrum [Internet]. McLean (VA). Nursingspectrum.com [cited 2007 Jan 12]. Available from http://community.nursingspectrum.com/MagazineArticles/article.cfm?AID=24949 Medscape [Internet]. New York (NY). Medscape.com [cited 2007 Jan 12]. Available from medscape.com/viewarticle/544021 Methodist Health [Internet]. Houston (TX). Methodisthealth.com [cited 2007 Jan 12]. Available from methodisthealth.com/cgi-bin/hmdim/home/newsItem.do?channelId=-1073829 Cardinal Health Systam [Internet]. Muncie(IN). accesschs.org [cited 2007 Jan 12]. Available from accesschs.org/about_chs/Nurse_Rounding_Story.htm StuderGroup. Patient Care Model: Nursing and Patient Care Excellence. Pensacola, FL: 2006. 80 p. Research Papers on Patient Satisfaction - Nursing EssayArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Fifth HorsemanResearch Process Part OneInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTwilight of the UAWNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceCapital PunishmentGenetic EngineeringThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Defining the Scope Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Defining the Scope - Essay Example There, however, comes a time when there is need to have some changes to the scope, and this automatically brings challenges to the operations. Scope changes, no matter how overwhelming, are always going to happen. The schedule may be one area in which scope changes affect the goings-on of a project. This then affects the schedule laid out at the beginning of the project, which in turn may affect the projected objectives and goals. Furthermore, the quality of the project may be affected if the situation is not salvaged quickly and efficiently. Quick fixes are often seen in this phase, thus; eroding the quality of the entire project. Unfortunately, there is also the issue of morale. People working on a project when faced with changes can become frightened and confused. People often plan ahead when it comes to projects, but sudden changes may affect the anticipated direction leading to low morale (Schwalbe, 2013). Handling these changes may be difficult, but it has to be done. One of the best ways to handle this would be to keep calm and stay in control. Once panic is present, then the entire project may be doomed. Change control mechanisms are crucial at this point, which may point out what direction to take to reach the intended objectives. Different people may have different control mechanisms so it is vital to understand what best works for the project team. One thing that is a fundamental part of this control mechanism is communication. It is vital at this point in the project phase because people need constant reassurance about their capabilities and the importance of project completion (Schwalbe, 2013). This is without compromising the quality of work

Local Police Response to Terrorism Research Paper

Local Police Response to Terrorism - Research Paper Example It is quite clear that the national security agencies cannot work alone in the fight against terrorism. Hence the situation requires team work among the private and public agencies; most importantly along with the local police. All of them must work in tandem to ensure the security of the country. Getting back to the role of local police it is to be said that local police can definitely identify probable terrorists operating or living in the respective jurisdictions and thus coordinate with the other agencies to prevent or even to respond to terror attacks. However, such responsibilities are of extreme significance and may lead to increase in the work load of the police of force, which to be honest is already quite hectic (Jongman, 2005). The present study looks to analyze the importance of the role of the local police in the fight against terrorism. During the course of the study various aspects such as the effect of political, economic and social changes on the law enforcement agen cies including local police; importance of partnership among local communities and local police along with other critical issues such as related to the role of the local police in the battle against terror has been analyzed. ... It has also been claimed by both of them that this role not much different in the role that the authorities play in case of the fight against local crimes. It has also been argued that counter terrorism should be added into the everyday departments. This should be inducted in to the agendas of every meeting. The officers should be communicated and trained regarding the new role to ensure that the prevention against terrorism becomes a part of the daily thought process and routine. However, things are easier said than done. It is needless to discuss that terrorist attacks are quite rare events. Terrorist attacks would not occur as frequently as a homicide or robbery or theft (Miller and Braswell, 2010). The arguments posted by Researchers are absolutely right and has to be agreed. However, the next question that comes to mind would be: What can the local police actually do? One mat say that the local police can collect intelligence about probable terrorism activities; ensure the prote ction of seemingly vulnerable targets are protected; and there would also be the most obvious response, i.e. the local police should always be in a position to respond to any kind of attack. The last topic is quite controversial and hence in the best interest of the research it has been avoided and hence the first two tasks would be discussed. Such an approach is of great significance because if the phrase prevention is better that cure had to come true then it would be for the battle against terrorism. It is needless to discuss about the devastation of terrorist attacks and hence the prime focus should be on avoiding such disasters rather than any other crime such as murder of robbery, where the main focus would be to ensure that the criminal(s)

Darwinian Snails Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Darwinian Snails - Lab Report Example The paper tells that natural selection is a situation that occurs when nature selects those organisms that are well adapted to the environment for its reproductive mechanisms. It is evident that smaller snails are more susceptible to crabs, evident with blue snails in tank 2 for both trials. It was found that snails that were not damaged were found alive and had no shell chips. Snail death means a successful predation, as seen in tank 4 for trial 2. According to Seeley, â€Å"intense natural selection caused a rapid morphological transition in a living marine snail†. Natural selection by crabs is suggested to promote evolution of thicker shelled snails. Chemical defenses and behavioral avoidance mechanisms have no much effect on predation in marine environments as compared to morphological changes. The morphological changes such as shell wall thickness, shell length, shell height and the aperture area. Shell thickness contributes significantly to the environment that the snail s’ live. Shell thickness of the intertidal gastropods varies in comparison to the shores, which are intertidal and this will show the differential predation in relation to crabs. The varying shell thickness of the gastropods tends to be in parallel gradient to predation intensity and wave exposure. Another major factor that contributes to shell thickness is the predator-induced defenses, which usually suggest intertidal plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity refers to a situation where the predator will induce the formation of structures in the prey.

Online Payment And Security Of E Commerce Information Technology Essay

Online Payment And Security Of E Commerce Information Technology Essay With the era of information technological advancement, electronic commerce is gradually leading the distribution of the business areas. Online electronic payments are an important part of e-commerce, and also the basis for electronic commerce which able to successfully develop. Without the corresponding real-time coordination of electronic payment, e-commerce is just only practical significance of the virtual business, it cannot achieve a true network transactions. The reason that I choose this title as my seminar title is because it related to my final year project. As my final year project is regarding to online payment method, so I would like to share about online payment method and the risk of online payment, what are the risk can be taken, what are the step to prevent data lost, the security strategic to prevent any privacy or confidential information fraud, and what are the pros and cons about the online payment method. Online payment is the core of e-commerce development, is an important step to complete the transaction on internet, and also the bottleneck of the domestic network application development. Every firms or companies which run the business on internet must provide the online payment method to maintain their company flow. Introduction 1.1 What is online payment? Online payment, also known as electronic payment, it refers to the money which exchanged electronically. Broadly speaking, online payment refers to the transaction exchanged the funds on internet, typically involves computer network, internet and digital stored value system. It makes e-payment may at any time, via the internet directly to the transfer, settlement, and forms of e-commerce environment. 1.2 How online payment basic process? Online payment may seem to be very easy and fast, but it consist of the confidential and security for the card info. In order to make sure that the process is work correctly, the merchant must connect to the network with the Issuing bank, processor, and others financial institution, so that the information that provided by the customer can be routed reliable and secure. As highly sensitive payment information, trust and confidence is an essential element of any payment transactions. This means that payment processing services should be provided by a wealth of experience in payment processing and security. 1.3 What is electronic commerce? Electronic commerce refers to the goods and services which exchange over the internet, commonly known as e-commerce. All major retail organization also have an online presence, however, e-commerce also apply between business to business (B2B) transactions. It can open to all interested parties, or even limited participants. For example like Amazon.com, the selling and buying transaction is completed electronically and interactively in real-time. Besides that, e-commerce system also associated with the service industry, such as online banking, transfer funds, or even pay the credit card bill. 1.4 Security of e-commerce Along with the e-commerce continue to broaden, protection of individual treatment over the internet, and make your customers feel secure is the primary factors and necessary. In order to perform a secure and good service, internet security plays an important role to be enhancing in this situation. The objective is to establish rules and measure to use against attacks over the Internet. Internet information exchange on behalf of the invasion led to unsafe or high risk of fraud. For any expert in internet security will tell, e-commerce is actually much more secure than real world commerce. For example like when you leaved your credit card receipt in the shop, or accidentally give your credit card number to someone else, you are actually accepting the risk that the order which not order from you will appear on the next months credit card bill. However, when you enter a credit card number of e-commerce site, you are sent through a secure connection to a server access only to authorized personnel and protected against even the most determined intruders. Although some of the people believe that transactions over the internet are in fact safer than offline transactions, there are still a number of people believe that offline transactions are always better than online payment. For example like protecting the credit card detail, company need to prevent the card info from customer or the privacy of the customer found by a third party. Typically, this involves the company network security and how the company provide a strong and secure system on the internet. 2 Common Online Payment Systems Online payment system is to help the consumer more convenience and it is the key issue to ensure that the consumer are fast and secure. There are several types of common online payment systems: 2.1 E-cash internet payment system E-cash, also known as electronic cash or electronic money, it is a form of data which exchanged electronically through the network computer or internet, these is electronic cash currency. It can be converted to cash value of the family of cryptographic sequences, and then use these sequences to show the value of all sizes. There are few characteristic are as follows: an agreement between the enterprises and banks and authorization, can be transfer, can be kept, used to exchanged value within another system. As e-cash is what we can imagine as cash Chinas purchase of small general merchandise payment habits features, it is likely to become an important means of online payment in China, but China has not officially started. There are many foreign companies to provide electronic cash market. If unconditionally anonymous electronic money digital cash net cash market can provide an anonymous e-money market. 2.2 E-purse Internet Payment System E-purse, also known as electronic purse, it is a type of smart card which embedded with the microchip. To use e-purse shopping, the first is the user must transfer certain amount of personal bank account, then in the corresponding of website to download electronic wallet service system free software and install an electronic wallet, to apply online and access the cardholder electronic safety certificate. When users want to purchase something through the internet, just need to click on the electronic wallet icon, and follow the corresponding information that the user need to provided, such as password and user name to complete the transaction on the internet. E-purse would be more convenient and flexible compared with checks or debit card for a smaller transaction, it always used in conjunction with the bank card to help the user complete all the small transaction process. E-purse is independent of the function of bank accounts, so it will be able to record the user as required payments are made in a checkbook greater privacy and freedom. In addition, e-purse even can provide budgeting because the user only can spend what the total amount that the card had. 2.3 Electronic check (E_check) Internet Payment System Electronic check, also known as e-check, is a form of payment which transfers through the internet. It perform the same function as the paper check of using digital transmission to transfer money from one account to one account. Besides that, e-check provide better security features than the paper check because it is an electronic format and may proceeded in fewer steps to complete the transaction. Most common features provided by  electronic checks include authentication, public key cryptography, digital signatures or personal identification numbers instead of signature and so on. Theres a simple electronic check process shown below: 1. Send Check Payee Payer 2. Inspect Check 5. Bill 3. Notice 4. Approve funds and transfer Payee Bank Accounting Server Electronic Check-Cashing Process E-check is an exclusive network system, the international financial institutions, with their equipment, software and hardware, an accurate and complete set if user identification, the standard messaging, data validation and other standardized data transmission agreement to make sure that the transaction are safety and security. 2.4 Digital Wallet Payment System A digital wallet, also known as e-wallet, it is a software system that store inside the users computer to hold the digital cash, and a digital certificate with a digital signature. E-wallet allows users to make payment or transaction over the internet fast and safety. The function of the e-wallet is much more like a physical wallet, used to store the digital cash. After the e-cash service released, the e-wallet has evolved into a service to provide online shopping information and holds credit card data and passwords for logging into the website with a convenient way. An e-wallet have both software and information component. The software provides the safety and security with the encryption for the actual transaction. Typically, e-wallet is store on client side, so it is easier to self-maintenance and fully compatible with most of the online payment system. In addition, the system will automatically key in the user information in the online form, it is easier for the user and reduce the time to enter all the information again and again. While for the server side, it is refers to an organization and your side to create and maintain on it server. Because of the security and the efficiency and effectiveness of the utility that provided by the server-side to the users, it become more and more popular and famous for the user with the entire process. 2.5 PayPal System Listen Read phonetically PayPal is an e-commerce business by allowing the user to make transaction or money transfers through the Internet. PayPal also known as electronic alternative, such as checks and money are orders with the traditional paper method. It doesnt charge any fees to make any transaction or join the PayPal service, but they will be a fees change for those who want to receive the money from other people. PayPal account from a bank account can be funded by electronic debit or credit card. To receive the transaction from other people, the recipient from PayPal can either request from the PayPal service, established their own PayPal account, or request from their bank account. PayPal service is much like a intermediaries or a third party who involve between the clients and the recipient that facilitates in e-commerce. PayPal involve in several payments processing such as, online auction, online vendors, and others commercial users. It will costs some fees from the recipient for receiving money, fee included the percentage of the amount plus another additional amount. The fees is charged depend on the currency used, the option that choose by the user, the country of the sender and recipient (how far between both sender and recipient), the total amount sent by the sender and the type of account that the recipient receive it. In addition, shopping on eBay and then made the transaction by a credit card through PayPal may incur a foreign transaction fee if the seller is located in another country, as credit card issuers are automatically informed of the sellers country of origin. 2.6 Critical Evaluation According to Singh Sumanjeet1 (2009, p.24), Electronic cheque system has many advantages: (1) they do not require consumers to reveal account information to other individuals when setting an auction (2) they do not require consumers to continually send sensitive financial information over the web (3) they are less expensive than credit cards and (4) they are much faster than paper based traditional cheque. But, this system of payment also has several disadvantages. The disadvantage of electronic cheque system includes their relatively high fixed costs, their limited use only in virtual world and the fact that they can protect the users anonymity. Therefore, it is not very suitable for the retail transactions by consumers, although useful for the government and B2B operations because the latter transactions do not require anonymity, and the amount of transactions is generally large enough to cover fixed processing cost. In my opinion, i strongly agree with the statement that the author mentioned about. Electronic cheque system provides several advantages than a paper based cheque such as faster speed transaction, provide a certain level of security like encryption or decryption, and so on. But there are still limits of disadvantages for electronic cheque system, like high fixed costs or development start-up costs. Besides that, electronic cheque system can be used in virtual world instead of the real world payment method. And the most important point is the security issue, because the less of face to face communication, we cant even know the actual user as well. The possibilities that someone is try to pretend as the actual user to make transaction with us and caused identity threat 3. Strength and Weakness 3.1 Advantages of Online Payment Online payment, what we called as online payment, is an indispensable business. This is extremely important to accept electronic payment of telecommunications service industry, because it started to use this rapidly growing economy is fully utilized. Use of credit cards by phone or Internet is a familiar and convenient for consumers in the form of payment. It provides for immediate purchase to reduce the pain of payment delay coupling. Customers often feel more comfortable with a credit card, because they know they have the proof to the product or service if they not satisfy on it. There are several advantages of online payment (e-payment): 3.1.1 Convenient and 24 hours real time transaction Through the use of online payment system, consumer can access the web to make any transaction such as online banking, online billing or even car loan at any time (24 hours) or anywhere, as long as access to the internet. For example like consumer can check the bank details through their mobile phone no matter at where and anytime along with the network connection. In addition, consumer able to check or view the history of the previous transaction that they made or get the accurate real time information through online payment system. It may save up a lot of the paperwork as well. 3.1.2 Reduce cost and save time With the help of online payment system, we only need to stay at home with just a click in front of the computer which connected to the network, and transaction will be done easily. Instead of go to the physical bank to make the transaction by writing the form and waiting in front of the counter. It may save up a lot of cost like transportation fees, paper workflow fees and so on. Besides that, through online payment, the processing speed is definitely fast and rapid by following the simple instructions and entering the parameters that the system required. And user may not need to transport from one location to another, it may save up a lot of time. Compared with the real world physical offline banking system, it may spend a lot of time especially on peak season or peak hour. 3.1.3 Flexible of using e-payment Along with the continuous improvement of e-commerce, many organizations or firms not only focusing their business on offline operation, but managing their business workflow on internet. Nevertheless, e-payment, as what we called as online payment, had become an indispensable item for the entire progress of e-business. Nowadays, there are more and more online payment service provided which linked with the organization. It is more flexible to the consumer, they can choose which type of service that they want, for example like PayPal, e-cash or which bank they prefer such as maybank2u and so on. Besides that, majority of the online payment service are operation 24 hours, consumer can make the transaction anytime they like. In addition, they can reduce they pain of transport from one location to another and waiting in-front of the counter in the bank. Online payment service allow consumer to make any transaction on anytime or everywhere by accessing to the network. It is the flexibility of e-payment. 3.1.4 Benefit between consumer and organization With the help of online payment, consumer and organization are benefiting in other ways like the consumer and organization are able to negotiate arrangements for the true value, and strengthen the relationship of their business. Besides that, consumer can skip many steps or documentation for the transaction. It may easier for them to control over the timing of payment steps, and minimize the operation of the idle account balance. Consumer can eliminate the delay for the processing of transaction. For organization, they can reduce the cost of processing the paper cheque. Yet when the organizations process the paper cheque that paid from consumers, they need to spend some cost to process the paper cheque. With the help of online payment, the organization may have the advantages as well by encouraging the consumer to pay electronically instead of pay by a paper cheque. In addition, they can receive the payment immediately without any delay, because the receipt is available immediately after consumer had made the payment. 3.1.5 Others common benefits Below are some of the common benefits for online payment method. Personal security We do not need to hold so much money along with us on our premises, or even on the outside, and lead to more safety and security Used internationally Online payment is a common method that can be used internationally, it is important for the tourist-sector businesses or those organization who running their business or selling their goods overseas. Reaching a wider customer base Some of the organizations accept the online payment method like phone delivery or mail ordering for online customers; it is easier for those customers who are lack of transportation or not able to reach your premises. Increase the sale opportunities For some customer willing to buy the goods from the offline business shop, the may having the problem that insufficient fund, they have to leaves to get cash, it may cause them not return to the shop again. With the help of online payment from ecommerce sector, customer can buy the goods from internet as long as the computer or devices are connected to the internet. This may lead to sale increasing. 3.2 Disadvantages of Online Payment The transaction over the internet or the transfer of fund on internet through the electronic media is known as electronic payment, as what we called as online payment. Nowadays, online payment is a daily activity for most of the business organization. It is very common and convenient for the online transaction for those organizations focus their business over web to interact with their consumers or business partners. In fact, there are still weaknesses of the online payment that we cannot ignore it. One of the ways is to be aware the raised awareness of privacy and security issues from the electronic online payment system. Consumers have to bear the risk such as fraud or identity threat that involved in the online transaction. There are several disadvantages of online payment (e-payment): 3.2.1 Privacy security concerns. In the e-commerce world, most of the online banking systems, also known as online transaction site, require the user to register as their own member with some simple input or instruction before giving the authorization for them to make the transaction. While the registration process, user need to provide the username and password, all these information implies the need of privacy protection and security. In addition, user need to maintain their account, it may be a trouble for the user. For those organizations site that hosting the user account, they should follow the strict of security and privacy policies. It is very important for those organizations to protect the privacy of the user details and prevent the information being hacked by the hacker. If the username or password is susceptible to being hacked, it maybe will cause the user a serious financial loss problem from the end. All these are a potential rick of the privacy or the personal detail being hacked while using the online payment system. 3.2.2 Identity theft Another disadvantage of using online payment is identity theft. Using the right security measure can prevent your important information being exposed by the third party. Besides that, using virus protection or firewall may very useful to protect your computer. It might a risk that you make any transaction through internet from your computer. Another example like if you losing your smart card, unfortunately the card is fall in unsafe of persons hand. There is a very serious or dangerous expenditure of your entire account balance. Though you will inform the authorities on cards loss, when the time between you losing your card and informing to the authorities, the third party (unsafe person) may transfer all your money out through your card details via internet. 3.2.3 Dependency of online payment system Along with the information technology, many organizations or firms are running their business over the internet and provide several utilities as long as online transaction. In fact, this method is indirectly effect consumers become more and more dependent on online transaction, because it speed and rapid transaction, availability 24 hours as long as connected to the internet at home or even a mobile devices. However, there still can be disadvantages for over dependent of online transaction. For example like if the email does not send to the right destination or not working well, the sender may not know the sending error or does the email has reach the destination or not. Or like for those consumers may want to pay the bill or loan over the internet instead of the traditional ways. There might be a possibility that the online payment system down or not function well from the server side, and worst there was a way for the consumer to meet the dead line. 3.2.4 Loss human touch In the physical bank, some of the customer may like to talk and communicate with the bank tellers, interacting with the bank manager or even the bank clients. But in the online virtual world, online banking system had taken off of these human interactions, all these are done by a system program, impersonal hand-off process. Due to the lack of the human interaction for online payment system, some of the customer my not know about the knowledge of online payment system. These required a basic computer skill and the knowledge about internet before using the online payment system. In addition, for some of the small online banking system, they may not provide any instruction or any guideline to lead the user in the correct way. It will caused the users entering the wrong information or incorrect bank details through the online payment system. 3.2.5 High cost development for internet payment gateway The major disadvantage for online payment method is the high cost for internet payment gateway. For those organizations or firms are running their business over the internet, the have to create an internet payment gateway or a system in-house is definitely high development cost. For those non IT companies, it is hard and difficult for them to create a system for their own. Because it wasnt their core business, and they had to use the resource from inside the company with a little or even zero of IT knowledge to build it up. Therefore, the company have to outsource from outside to help them develop a new online payment gateway for them. 3.2.6 Others Limitation Others common limitation of the online payment method: May be difficult to inspect from a remote location Limited of countries cultural and legal obstacles The rapid changing of technologies Hard to retaining the employee Government regulators Difficult to integrate the software of transaction process and the current existing database. 3.3 Critical Evaluation Based on Olga LuÃ…Â ¡tÃ…Â ¡ik (2009, p.15-16) The main benefit from the bank customers point of view is significant saving of time by the automation of banking services processing and introduction of an easy maintenance tools for managing customers money. Private customers seek slightly different kind of benefits from e-banking. In the study on online banking drivers Aladwani (2001) has found, that providing faster, easier and more reliable services to customers were amongst the top drivers of e-banking development. In my opinion, I definitely agree with the above statement that stated by author (Olga LuÃ…Â ¡tÃ…Â ¡ik). Online payment may help to reduce costs and convenience; user may stay at home to performed transaction at any time as long as connected with the network. It is fast and provides funds management, which allow user to download the history of the transaction that that had made. 4 Ecommerce Security Elements In the use of ecommerce, there are several factors that need to involved are: the confidentiality and privacy of the transaction need to be care between the sender and the recipient. The transaction or trading from ecommerce is directly represents to the individual, organization, or business competitor secrets. Therefore, to prevent any confidential data lost from ecommerce application, we have to make sure that the users are legitimate to access the system, and the authentication to filter which date should be show or which should not be show to the particular user. 4.1 The Integrity of the information Due to the accident or fraud of data entry, the information of the data may result in different way. In addition, the wrong of data or information will result the duplication of transmission in different sector of the process. Therefore, the trade sector will affect the integrity of the information from the parties that involved in the transaction and the entire of the business workflow. 4.2 The validity of the information In e-commerce world, the validity of information to individuals, organizations or even the countries are directly affected to the economic interests and reputation. Besides that, the validity of the number of time and the transaction price are very important. It is to make sure that the recipient received the data from the primary side. While for the primary side also have to make sure that the data are sent to that particular person. 4.3 The Non-repudiation of the information Non-repudiation is refers to something like document or contract that cannot simply denied by the origin party. Typically, non-repudiation is to ensure that the contract or one party cannot deny that they communicate to sign the document or the authenticity of a message. For example like legal documents usually need a witness person to sign it, it is to ensure that the person cannot deny the document. 4.4 The Authenticity of the transaction status Online transaction are geographical distant, we couldnt know each other or even an organization. Organization, businessmen, client or even consumer on internet may need to consider whether the transactions between both parties are trusted. To make the transaction success, mutual understanding and trusted with each other is very important. However, there are too many hacker or scammer in the virtual world, is hard to 100% fully trusted on the online transaction or even the in the virtual organizations. 4.5 The reliability of the system In e-environment, the most important point for the reliability of the system is to protect the confidentiality with a powerful security system. In addition, it is to prevent hacker hack into the system and steal the sensitive information from the system. Computer errors such as system failure, software down, virus detected, network connection down or natural disasters may result from potential threat. Therefore, prevention of the system in a good way is to ensure that the systems are security and reliability. It will affect the business workflow in the future if the reliability of the system is not fully secure. 4.6 Critical Evaluation According to Yang Jing (2009, p.48), Using the network for the transaction, the sender and recipient need to ensure the confidentiality of information exchanged. E-commerce as a means of trading, its message directly represents individuals, corporations or commercial secrets; and the e-commerce system is based on a more open network environment promote the application of ecommerce to maintain commercial confidentiality is an important guarantee. Therefore, in order to prevent a large number of transmissions was illegal to steal information to ensure that only legitimate users will be able to see the data. Information can prevent stolen. In my opinion, I absolutely agree with the statement that the author status above. To prevent the information lost, we have to protect it before happen. The integrity of information, the validity of information, the non-repudiation of information, The Authenticity of the Transaction Status, and The Reliability of the System, all these are the important elements which listed by the Author (Yang Jing) to prevent information lost. In fact, I believe that there are still a number of elements for information prevention which I never mentioned on top. 5 Strategic of E-commerce Security As e-commerce security cause by many factors such as fraud, identity theft, or confidential data being steal by the hacker, all these are the problem that we might face it when in the online virtual world. So, a strategic planning for ecommerce is very important, all the strategic that came out should be line with the overall of the ecommerce business management. It must provide a very powerful protection for all the ecommerce confidential data and allow them to recover as fast as possible if any incident happen. To prevent the security problem happen, a set of variety measurement must be included: 5.1 Security Strategy In order to ensure secure communications between both parties on internet, we must take the necessary measures to prevent them. For communication link purpose, we can use firewall or Virtual Private Network (VPN) to make the communication more safety and secure. And consumer must be very careful on some of the untrusted Proxy server. It is act like an intermediary for seeking the information, resource, or link that requested by the client. If the consumer are using the untrusted proxy server, all the data that the client provided may not be encrypted and sent to the proxy server, and proxy server may record down everything sent from the client, including the login and password. For identification and authentication purpose, encrypted or hash function may be very useful in this situation. In ecommerce, login is a very common and the first step for the consumer before they move on the transaction step. To login to the system, the system needs to identify the user name and password before provide the authentication to the user. With the help of encryption, user password have more secure which showing the password in * symbol. Besides the encryption, hash function is a way to convert your password into others form and store in the s

Language in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay -- essays research papers

This essay will attempt to find out the type of language that Shakespeare has used to portray the hatred and utter spite Prospero evidently has over Caliban. The great number of offensive dialogue during the argumentative conversation between Caliban and Prospero will be commented on. During the conversation, many ill-disguised remarks of contempt are made by all three characters. This will be analysed further and the reasons and consequences of the exchange will be described. There are a great number of reasons for why Prospero and Caliban are not by any means on respectful terms, and the factors that have lead to this occurrence will be expressed in order to explain the spiteful nature of Prospero in particular. In the play ‘The Tempest’, Prospero and Caliban are portrayed as two completely opposite characters with contradictory and clashing views. Prospero, who was the rightful heir to become duke of Milan before being cast away and the ‘deformed slave’ Caliban are symbolic of opposite extremes, particularly in their roles in society and hierarchy. Prospero is a natural leader and is intellectually disciplined, while Caliban not only does not behave in this kind of manner, he seems to completely stand against it and ignore any order and is ‘capable of all ill’ according to Prospero. Caliban’s careless, unethical nature, and being born as part of a ‘vile race’ is an immediately apparent reason for Prospero’s hatred of him. Shakespeare quickly portrays the two characters as of clashing personalities during the passage, depicting Prospero as a person who emphasizes social lustre and class and uses his great intellect to onl y give others what he thinks they deserve. While Caliban is illustrated as an animalistic character, wi... ...can show his true contempt. In conclusion, the language Shakespeare uses to depict the hatred Prospero has for Caliban emphasises the separate backgrounds and values they share and the lack of understanding they have for one another. The fact that Prospero is heir to being duke of Milan and Caliban is the product of an unholy passion between the witch Sycorax and the devil, suggest opposing themes of backgrounds and therefore they share contradictory views of each others heritage and conduct. Therefore they stand against what the other values, causing a clash. The reader may feel that Prospero’s contempt of Caliban is within reason, due to his attempted violation of Miranda, and the fact that Prospero has been hurt and betrayed by many in the past, and therefore has a great amount of vengeance he can share out due to the attachment he has with his fiery emotions.